When troubleshooting Directory Service issues, it is often helpful to obtain “debug” logs to determine the source of the issue and any underlying issues produced by client requests to the DirectoryService process. Starting with Mac OS X v10.5, a flag is included to set the Directory Service Debug Logging Priority Level to include more data including the actual LDAP queries being made by DirectoryService.  This setting is specific to Mac OS X v10.5 and later and will not work on previous versions.

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Mac OS X Server v10.5, 10.6: Enabling Directory Service debug logging

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